The structure of this report is as follows: The report begins with this introductory chapter outlining the scope of the report and the wider market context. This report will examine the potential for sustainable bond issuance in five countries focusing on three key sectors. Over-indebtedness can adversely affect economic development through many channels-"debt overhang,” “fiscal space,” “crowding out” and increased crisis risk -making countries vulnerable to abrupt changes in market sentiment, jeopardizing both stability and growth. Bigger debt servicing burdens will reduce available fiscal space for development and stabilization and growing sovereign debt financing needs can crowd out domestic investment. But debt-induced uncertainty can now dampen investment and growth, especially given rising global interest rates. The fiscal support programs financed by public debt provided relief and saved lives and livelihoods. Sustaining development while maintaining debt sustainability has been made harder by the protracted effects of the pandemic on public finances, earnings and employment, and human capital accumulation of vulnerable populations. The coronavirus crisis has stiffened debt and development-related headwinds that had become strong even before 2020. This paper can provide a theoretical reference for reducing the negative impact of government policy adjustments and improving fiscal sustainability. Ultimately, this leads to a decrease in the fiscal sustainability of local governments. A reduction in the social financing scale can reduce government revenue and increase the debt scale. Therefore, economic policy uncertainty can lead to a reduction in the social financing scale. To cope with the impact of uncertain economic policies, corporations reduce the scale of investment and financing, and residents have defensive savings motivations, reducing consumption and increasing savings. Economic policy uncertainty has an impact on fiscal sustainability mainly through the mediating variable of the social financing scale. We find that economic policy uncertainty shocks have a robust negative effect on fiscal sustainability after controlling for endogeneity. To control for the impact of local government institutional and cultural factors on fiscal sustainability, we select data from 30 Chinese provinces for the 2012–2020 period for empirical analysis. The motivation for this paper is to investigate a previously unexplored exogenous shock to fiscal sustainability from economic policy uncertainty. Accounting, Statistics, Reporting and Auditing.International and Macroprudential Regulations.Institutional and Organizational Framework.Documentation, Settlement and Bookkeeping.
I fully recommend watching the video before getting into the sales figures. Of course, if you are a regular visitor feel free to skip the video and get into the figures. If you are not yet familiar with the CSPC method, the next page explains it with a short video. This concept will not only bring you sales information for all of Linkin Park‘s albums, physical and download singles, as well as audio and video streaming, but it will also determine their true popularity. So, where do Linkin Park stand in the all-time list of most successful bands? Are they on the scale of the Gorillaz?, ( who’s sales stand around 20 million equivalent album sales) or on the level of Guns N’ Roses? ( with sales well past 100 million?) Or do they stand somewhere between these pair?Īs usual, I’ll be using the Commensurate Sales to Popularity Concept in order to relevantly gauge their results. However, artists with careers that started 10 to 20 years ago don’t belong to any of these categories. For new artists, you only need to turn on the radio to know who’s hot. For veterans, the situation has been is clear for a long time as decades of catalog sales settled their position among their peers. Music acts in the middle of the road are often the most difficult to evaluate success-wise. In recent years, the hype slowed down but their newly issued album One More Light proved there is still a fan base for them around the world. The band Linkin Park were a huge part of the musical landscape during the 00s. Please note all figures have been updated as of June 3, 2017. UPDATE: This post will remain featured for a week in tribute to the band’s lead singer, Chester Bennington, who passed away today, July 20, 2017.